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J. K. F. BLOKHUIS. BURNER FOB INVERTED INCANDESCENT GASUGHT.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 20,1916.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

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JOHAN KAREL FREDERIK BLOKHUIS, 0F MIDDECDHARNIS, NETHERLANDS.

BURNER FOR INVERTED INCANDESCENT GASLIGIITS.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

Application filed November 20, 1916. Serial No. 132,345.

To all fro/wm t may concern lie it known that l, JOI-IAN KAREL Fnnlminn lLoKi-rnis, managing director of gas works, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands, residing at Zandpad B, Middelharnis, Netherlands, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Inverted lncandescent Gaslights, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in burners for inverted incandescent gaslight and has for its object to prevent the rupture and loss of the baked nozzle, commonly called tips, from which the ring which bears the mantle is suspended. lt is known that the mantles of inverted burners are `fastened to a ring or the like which is suspended from a nozzle of baked magnesia or pipeclay. This nozzle is nearly always fastened to the somewhat widened end of the metal burner tube in such manner that a thread formed on the outside of the baked nozzle fits into a corresponding thread on the inside of the widened end of the metal burner tube.

A very disagreeable and dangerous drawback of the inverted burner is that sometimes the burner tip, when in a state of incandescence, is apt to snap olf suddenly at the tapped part and to fall down together with the mantle. No means being usually present to intercept them, fires have often been caused in this manner, especially in shop windows.

lt has been generally understood that the breaking of the tip was due to the tight screwing thereof into the burner tube com bined with an unequal expansion of the material of the tip and that of the burner tube. lf this explanation were true the tip would as a rule break on' as soon as the parts grow hot on lighting the lamp for the first time. rlhis however is not the case; the falling down of the burner tip occurs unexpectedly after the burner has been used for some months.

The inventor found that the part of the broken tip, which is left behind is always embedded in a hard layer, formed by chemical action of the flame-gases on the metal of the burner tube. This layer steadily increases in thickness, after a time completely nils up the space between the burner tube and the 'tip and. finally squeezes olf the tipi- That this is the true explanationwof the rupture of the tip was shown very clearly in one particular' casein which the tip had not been ruptured over its whole circumference but had remained intact on one side. afterward it broke off also at this place and fell down it was seen that the old fissure was totally filled up with the above mentioned deposit which evidently had been under oon-` siderable pressure.

The damage can therefore be avoided by preventing the reaction of the flame-gases onthe metal of the burner tube and it was proved that the breaking od of the tip was indeed avoided by such means as make this reaction impossible.

The chief feature of this invention, therefore, resides `in the fact that means are provided which resist the reaction of the gases of the flame on the metal of the burner tube thus preventing the formation of compounds which accumulate in the space between the tube and the tip and whose growth may cause in the end the breaking off of the tip. The tip itself cannot be done away with because if formed of metal alone it would too speedily carry off the heat.

rlfhe invention may be carried out in several ways. The burner tube may be threaded externally and the burner tip internally, so that the neck of the tip incloses the tube. This arrangement is known but does not in itself suffice to prevent the formation of said layer and the ruptmure of the tip. One way ofcarrying out the invention now consists in filling up the space between the threads on the burner tube and the tip with a suitable lute or cement.

When

2. The end of the metallic burner tube may be made of a metal resisting the above mentioned damaging reaction. l

y 3. The end of the metallic burner tube may be covered with a coating resisting the above mentioned injurious chemical reaction, and which may be either a metal or a suitable non-metallic material. Such a coatving may be inseparably fastened to themetal underneath it by soldering or by electrolytic deposition or some other process (c. g.,- Schoops method) or may consist yof a cap or ring which is screwed or pressed in or on the burner tube. l

.any combination of the three methods mentioned above may be applied so that for instance a lute or cement may be used simultaneously with a burner tube made of a chemically resistant metal, or covered with a chemically Iresistant layer.

These means fully prevent the breaking o of the burner tip.

The following materials either alone or in mixture, may be used either as ingredients for a suitable lute or cement or as a material of which the end of the burner tube may be made or with which it may be covered. Aluminium, chromium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, the metals of the platinum group; boracic acid, anhydrous boracic acid, boraX and other fusible borates, anhydrous silicic acid, waterglass, fusible silicates, glass, enamel, asbestos, aluminium oXid, clay, China clay, chamotte, magnesia and other metallic oXids.

To the expert it may of course be left to make the best choice in every particular case. Only some examples are stated here with which especially good results have been obtained.

For the lirst method of execution (a lute between the burner tube and the tip) a lute may beemployed which consists of powdered asbestos, aluminium powder and waterglass in suitable proportions; lutes in which clay, China clay, magnesia, chamotte or the like form part of the composition also suit the purpose very well.

As a metal out of which the end of the burner tube may be formed or with which it may be covered nickel either pure or alloyed is especially suitable, because it is not too eX- pensive. A thin ilm of silver however also suits the urpose and is not too expensive either. Crtain alloys may of course be used as well.

A very suitable material for protecting the end of the burner tube is also enamel or molten silica.

Though boraX when used in a lute will melt, it is still very suitable if it is mixed with asbestos fibers or the like on account of its property to absorb metallic oXids.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in Figures 1-6 of the drawings;

Fig. l shows a metallic burner tube B,

carrying a tip A, the space between the threads being filled up by a lute Ii;

Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. l but shows a ditferent arrangement of the threads;

Fig. 3 shows a burner tube B the end of which is made et' a chemically resistant metal R;

Fig. 4 shows the tube B with a cover of chemically resistant metallic or non-.metallic material M;

Fig. 5 is similar to 3 and illustrates the use of a lute L; in addition to making` the end of the burner tube or' a chemically resistant metal It;

Fig. G is similar to Fig. et and illustrates the use of a lute L, in addition to covering the end of the burner tube with a chemically resistant metal M.

It will, of course, be understood that various modilications may be eilected in the described invention without departing 'lrom the scope and spirit thereof.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an inverted burner, a burner tube, a tip and a layer of a material on the portion of said burner tube engaging with said tip which will effectively resist the chemical action of the gases of combustion upon the burner tube.

2. In an inverted burner, a burner tube. a tip and a layer of a metallic material on the portion or" said burner tube engaging with said tip which will effectively resist the chemical action of the gases ol? combustion upon the burner tube.

3. In an inverted burner, a burner tube, a tip and a layer of nickel on the outer surface of the portion of said burner tube engaging with said tip, said layer of nickel serving to effectively protect said burner tube from the chemical action o'f the gases ot combustion thereon.

In testimony whereof I allix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHAN KAREL FREDERIK BLOKllUlS.

Witnesses:

H. T. Korn, T. V. JUNsEN, Jnr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

